Tag Archives: Lamiaceae

Phyllostegia kahiliensis H. St. John

Kahili Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia kahiliensis)

The island of Kaua’i harbors seven Phyllostegia species, of which five are endangered to critically endangered, some of these species have populations of less then 10 individuals making them very vulnerable to the slightest disturbances like grazing by cattle etc.. [2]

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The Kahili Phyllostegia was described in 1987, the species is known from three collections (1974, 1983, and 1987) that originally were thought to be identical with Heller’s Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia helleri Sherff), but differ from that species by their retrorsely appressed pubescence.

The species had an extremely narrow geographic range, it was restricted to steep jagged ridges and precipitous side slopes just below the summit of Mt. Kahili on the island of Kaua’i, Hawaiian Islands.

The Kahili Phyllostegia was declared extinct in 2014, yet there is a slight chance that it might be rediscovered someday in one of the steep ravines of Mt. Kahili. [1][2]

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References:

[1] Warren L. Wagner: Nomenclator and review of Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae). Novon 9(2): 265-279. 1999
[2] Kenneth R. Wood: Delissea rhytidosperma H. Mann (Campanulaceae) and Phyllostegia kahiliensis H. St. John (Lamiaceae) possibly extinct on Kaua’i, Hawaiian Islands. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2014. Part I: Articles. Edited by Neal L. Evenhuis & Scott E. Miller. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 116: 31-33. 2015

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edited: 24.09.2019

Monardella pringlei A. Gray

Pringle’s Monardella (Monardella pringlei)  

Pringle’s Monardella apparently was restricted to a small area of sandy hills near the city of Colton in San Bernardino County in California, USA.

The locality is now mostly destroyed by urbanization, the species was last seen in 1941 and is now considered most likely extinct.

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Depiction from: ‘Le Roy Abrams: An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press 1923-60’  

(no known copyright restrictions) 

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edited: 20.09.2020

Phyllostegia hillebrandii H. Mann ex Hillebr.

Hillebrand’s Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia hillebrandii)

Hillebrand’s Phyllostegia was described in 1888, it is known from two collections from eastern Maui, Hawaiian Islands; one from Kula in the center -, and the other one from ‘Ulupalakua near the southern shore of the island.

The species is now extinct. [1]

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References:

[1] Warren L. Wagner: Nomenclator and review of Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae). Novon 9(2): 265-279. 1999

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edited: 24.09.2019

Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis Sherff

Lanai Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis)

The Lanai Phyllostegia was described in 1934 based on material that had been collected in 1914, it was restricted to the Kaiholena Gulch on Lana’ihale, the highest point on the island of Lana’i, Hawaiian Islands.

The plant is thought to have been seen sometimes in the 1980s, however, it is thought that this might rather have been the nominate form. [1]

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References:

[1] Warren L. Wagner: Nomenclator and review of Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae). Novon 9(2): 265-279. 1999

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edited: 24.09.2019

Phyllostegia variabilis Bitter

Coastal Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia variabilis)

The Coastal Phyllostegia or Variable Phyllostegia was described in 1900, the species was originally discovered on the island of Laysan but was subsequently also found on the Kure- and Midway atolls in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands.

Hugo H. Schauinsland wrote the first notes about this species, that he discovered in 1896.:

“Phyllostegia variabilis Bitter nov. sp. Here and there on the E and W side near the beach. The numerous small flowers appear first during winter, beginning in November. It is a herbaceous plant, with few unbranched runners which I found to be 3/4 to 1 m long.” [2]

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“… In 1896 it was scattered near the beach of the west and east sides (Schauinsland, 1899: 97). It was still present in small patches in 1903, mostly on the windward side (Christophersen and Caum, 1931: 11). it disappeared from Laysan before 1911.” [1]

The species is now completely extinct.

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References:

[1] Charles A. Ely; Roger B. Clapp: The natural history of Laysan Island, northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 171. 1973
[2] Hugo H. Schauinsland: Three months on a coral island (Laysan); translated by Miklos D. F. Udvardy. Atoll Research Bulletin 432. 1996

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edited: 19.10.2020

Premna sp. ‘Rapa Nui’

Rapa Nui Headache Tree (Premna sp.)

The Headache Tree (Premna serratifolia L.) is a Indopacific species, that means it is widely distributed all along the Indian – as well as the Pacific Ocean including the Pitcairn Islands, the region closest to Rapa Nui, mainly occurs in littoral forests. Thus, it is quite possible that this particular species also inhabited Rapa Nui.

However, the genus has apparently also given rise to at least one endemic species in the Polynesian region, the Avaro (Premna tahitensis Schauer), which is either an endemic Tahitian species or simply a synonym of the other widespread species, a revision of the taxonomy of this genus is still pending.

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The Rapa Nui form is known from charcoal remains, it might have been identical to the widespread form or might have been an endemic one, now extinct. [1]

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References:

[1] Terry L. Hunt: Rethinking Easter Island’s ecological catastrophe. Journal of Archaeological Science 34: 485-502. 2007

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edited: 22.06.2020

Phyllostegia rockii Sherff

Rock’s Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia rockii)

Rock’s Phyllostegia was described in 1934, it was restricted to the slopes of the Haleakala volcano on eastern Maui, Hawai’i Islands.

The species is known from only three collections, the most recent of which was made in 1912, it is now considered extinct.

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References:

[1] Warren L. Wagner: Nomenclator and review of Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae). Novon 9(2): 265-279. 1999

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edited: 24.09.2019

Monardella leucocephala A. Gray

Merced Monardella (Monardella leucocephala)  

The Merced Monardella, one of about 30 species in its genus, was restricted to grassland along the Merced- and the Tuolumne rivers in the counties of Merced and Stanislaus in California, USA.  

The former habitat of this species has largely been converted into agricultural areas, particularly into almond orchards – which today cover vast areas of California.  

The last plants were found in the year 1941 and the species is now considered extinct.  

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Depiction from: ‘Le Roy Abrams: An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press 1923-60’  

(no known copyright restrictions)

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edited: 20.09.2020

Phyllostegia micrantha H. St. John

Small Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia micrantha)

The Small Phyllostegia was described in 1987, it is known only from the type that was collected in 1910 at a place named Popouwela on the eastern side of the Wai’anae mountains on the island of O’ahu, Hawai’i Islands.

The species is the smallest in its genus, it has small, elliptic, hirsute, 6 to 10 cm long leaves, the calyx of its flowers was only about 0,26 cm long. [1]

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References:

[1] Warren L. Wagner: Nomenclator and review of Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae). Novon 9(2): 265-279. 1999

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edited: 24.09.2019

Phyllostegia tahitensis Nadeaud

Tahiti Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia tahitensis)

The Tahiti Phyllostegia is one of two species of this genus that are distributed outside the Hawaiian Islands.

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The The Tahiti Phyllostegia was described in 1873, it was apparently confined to Mt. Marau, where it grew in ravines at elevations of about 1200 m.

The species is known only from the type that was collected in 1859, it was never seen again since and is now considered extinct. [1]

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Depiction from: ‘E. Drake del Castillo: Illustrationes florae insularum Maris Pacifici. Parisiis: G. Masson 1886′

(public domain)

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References:

[1] Warren L. Wagner: Nomenclator and review of Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae). Novon 9(2): 265-279. 1999

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edited: 24.09.2019

Hedeoma pilosa R. S. Irving

Old Blue False Pennyroyal (Hedeoma pilosa)

This species was a perennial herb that formed mats about 4 cm high.

The Old Blue False Pennyroyal is known exclusively from a single specimen that was collected (apparently in 1940) at a limestone overhang in the Glass Mountains in Brewster County in western Texas, USA.

The species was not recorded since and probably is extinct.

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edited: 12.04.2019

Phyllostegia knudsenii Hillebr.

Knudsen’s Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia knudsenii)

Knudsen’s Phyllostegia, also known as Waimea Phyllostegia, was described in 1888, the species was known only from the type that had been collected in Waimea at the southwestern coast of Kaua’i, Hawaiian Islands. [1]

The species was rediscovered in 1995 in the Koai’e Canyon, yet this population appears to have subsequently disappeared as well. 

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References:

[1] Warren L. Wagner: Nomenclator and review of Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae). Novon 9(2): 265-279. 1999

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edited: 24.09.2019

Salvia lobbii Epling

Lobb’s Sage (Salvia lobbii)

Lobb’s Sage is known only from the type material that was collected sometimes before 1936, apparently somewhere in Ecuador (or maybe Peru).

Nothing else is known about this species and it might well be extinct.

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edited: 13.08.2022

Phyllostegia parviflora var. glabriuscula A. Gray

Hawaiian Small-flowered Phyllostegia (Phyllostegia parviflora var. glabriuscula)

The Hawaiian Small-flowered Phyllostegia was described in 1862, it was apparently restricted to a small area on private land on the slopes of Mauna Kea on the island of Hawai’i, Hawaiian Islands.

The form was last recorded in the late 1800s and is now considered extinct.

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References:

[1] Warren L. Wagner: Nomenclator and review of Phyllostegia (Lamiaceae). Novon 9(2): 265-279. 1999

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edited: 24.09.2019