The Bonin Islands Brittlestem is known only from one locality on Hahajima Island in the Ogasawara group, Japan.
The species is considered extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
The Ogasawara Holly Blue, described in 1886, is endemic to the Ogasawara Islands, where it appears to have been quite common until the 1970s, when its populations began to crash, mainly caused by the loss of their preferred host plant species due to the native vegetation being overrun by introduced invasive alien plants and because of increasing predation by likewise introduced Green Anoles (
Anolis carolinensis Voigt), whose populations are now as high as about 6 million individuals. [1]
The species appears to be extinct in the wild since 2018, when the last individuals were seen.
For some time there had been attempts to establish a captive program: the species was kept in captivity since 2005, once in the Tama Zoological Park and then in the Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden, both in Tokyo, Japan.
However, these efforts apparently failed, and the last individuals apparently died in 2020.
The Ogasawara Holly Blue is now feared to have been lost.
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References:
[1] Yasuhiro Nakamura: Conservation of butterflies in Japan: status, actions and strategy. Journal of Insect Conservation 15: 5-22. 2011
This species is known from specimens that were collected on the islands of Chichijima and Hahajima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
It is considered extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
This species is known from a single locality on the island of Hahajima in the Ogasawara group, Japan.
The species is considered extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
This species, described in 1940, is known only from one locality on Hahajima Island in the Ogasawara group, Japan.
The species is considered extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
This species is known from a single locality on the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara group, Japan.
The species is considered extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
Kato’s Hirasea Snail was described in 1973 based on only two specimens that were collected from dune deposits of probably Pleistocene age on the island of Minamijima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
The shells reached sizes of 0,3 cm in height, they were very flat, opercular in shape with an extremely depressed spire and a sharply marginated periphery. [1]
***
The species probably disappeared sometimes at the end of the Pleistocene or the beginning of the Holocene.
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References:
[1] Tadashige Habe: Fossil land snails from Minami-jima, Bonin Islands. Science Reports of the Tohoku University, Special Volume 6 (Hatai Memorial Volume): pages 51-53. 1973
The Hahajima Shed Fungus, which was described in 1940, is known only from one locality on the island of Hahajima in the Ogasawara group, Japan.
The species is considered extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
The Straight Hirasea Snail was described in 1907; it is, or maybe was, restricted to the island of Hahajima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
The shells reach sizes of about 0,2 cm in height and about 0,3 cm in diameter; the spire is low-conic and the base very convex.
The species is now likely extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Robert H. Cowie; Claire Régnier; Benoît Fontaine; Philippe Bouchet. Measuring the Sixth Extinction: what do mollusks tell us? The Nautilus 131(1): 3-41. 2017
This species is known only from a single locality on the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
The species is considered extinct. [1]
*********************
References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom species thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
The Ogasawara Milk-Cap was described in 1940; it is known only from the island of Chichijima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan, where it was found growing amongst the roots of Luchu Pines (Pinus luchuensis Mayr), a tree species that is actually not native to the Ogasawara Islands, thus it is quite possible that this fungus might as well not be a native form. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
This species was described in 1904; it is, or maybe was, restricted to the island of Mukojima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
This is a very small species; the shells reach sizes of about 0,2 cm in height and about 0,3 cm in diameter. “Shell imperforate, depressed, with low-conic spire and convex base, impressed in the center. Brown. Very finely and regularly striate radially above, smooth below. Whorls 5, convex, very slowly widening. Aperture crescentic, narrow, the lip strengthened by a strong white rib within, abruptly stopping short of the upper insertion. A long, erect callous lamina stands at the edge of the parietal callous.” [1]
The species might now be extinct. [2]
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References:
[1] Henry A. Pilsbry; Y. Hirase: Descriptions of new land snails of the Japanese Empire. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56: 616-638. 1904
[2] Robert H. Cowie; Claire Régnier; Benoît Fontaine; Philippe Bouchet. Measuring the Sixth Extinction: what do mollusks tell us? The Nautilus 131(1): 3-41. 2017
The Bonin Milk-Cap was described in 1940; it is known only from Chichijima Island in the Ogasawara islands, Japan.
The species was found amongst the roots of the Luchu Pine (Pinus luchuensis Mayr), a tree species that is not native to the Ogasawara Islands but was artificially introduced from the Ryukyu Islands; thus the fungus might in fact also be native to these island group. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
This species was described in 1940; it is known only from a single locality on the island of Hahajima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, where it was found growing on the Bonin Islands Hackberry (Celtis boninensisKoidz.).
The species was apparently not found again since and is considered most likely extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
This species was described in 1999, it is known exclusively from Holocene deposits at Nankinhama on southern Hahajima Island, Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
The Ogasawaran Mandarina Snail was a medium-sized member of its genus, reaching average shell heigths of about 2 cm, they were characterized by a flat spire and a relatively large body whorl with a weak peripheral angulation and other characters.
The species disappeared at around 2000 BCE, most likely because of environmental changes due to natural climatic changes that resulted in a rise of temperatures creating a dryer climate. [1]
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References:
[1] Satoshi Chiba: A new species of land snail of the genus Mandarina (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from Hahajima of the Bonin Islands, Western Pacific: a species that became extinct after 2000 yr. B.P.. Bulletin of the National Science Museum (C) 25(3-4): 121–127. 1999
This species was described in 1939; it is known from the islands of Chichima and Hahajima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
The species was not recorded during recent field studies and might be extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
The Minamijima Hirasea Snail was described in 1973 based on five specimens that were collected from probably Pleistocene deposits on the island of Minamijima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
The shells reached sizes of about 0,56 to 0,64 cm in heigth, they were ashy white and their surface was ribbed by distantly placed rough growth lines. [1]
***
I do not know for sure when this species actually disappeared, but I assume it to be a Pleistocene/Holocene border extinction.
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References:
[1] Tadashige Habe: Fossil land snails from Minami-jima, Bonin Islands. Science Reports of the Tohoku University, Special Volume 6 (Hatai Memorial Volume): pages 51-53. 1973
Clara’s Hirasiella Snail was described in 1902; it is, or maybe was, endemic to the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
The shells reach sizes of about 0,3 cm in height; “Shell sub-perforate, glossy and smooth, yellowish, elevated with convex outlines, bullet-shaped, the periphery rounded, base very convex.” [1]
The species is now possibly extinct. [2]
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References:
[1] H. A. Pilsbry: Notices of new land shells of the Japanese Empire. Nautilus 15: 141-142. 1902
[2] Robert H. Cowie; Claire Régnier; Benoît Fontaine; Philippe Bouchet. Measuring the Sixth Extinction: what do mollusks tell us? The Nautilus 131(1): 3-41. 2017
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Depiction from: ‘Henry August Pilsbry: Papers on Mollusca of Japan. Philadelphia 1901-12’
This species is known only from a single locality on the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
The species is considered extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
This species is known from a single locality on the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara group, Japan, where it was growing on decaying herbs.
The species is considered extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
The Planulate Hirasea Snail was described in 1903, it is or was endemic to the island of Hahajima in the Ogasawara Islands of Japan.
The shells reach sizes of about 0,18 cm in heigth and about 0,32 cm in diameter, they are yellowish brown, dull and very densely, very finely radially striatea above, becoming smooth and glossy beneath. [1]
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References:
[1] H. A. Pilsbry; Y. Hirase: Notices of new Japanese land shells. The Nautilus 17(4): 44-46. 1903
This species, described in 1939, is known only from two localities on the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, where it apparently grew on the stems of tree ferns.
The species is considered extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Kentaro Hosaka; Takahito Kobayashi; Michael A. Castellano; Takamichi Orihara: The status of voucher specimens of mushroom spwcies thought to be extinct from Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Ser. B 44(2): 53-66. 2018
The Hahajima Lamprocystis Snail is apparently endemic to the island of Hahajima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, it can be split into at least five subspecies of which the one discussed here, appears to be extinct.
The Ogasawara Grasshopper was described in 2003 based on three specimens, two males that had been collected in 1984 on the island of Hahajima and that were found in the collections of the Laboratory of Systematic Entomology in Sapporo, as well a female lacking any data except for ‘Ogasawara’ found in the National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences in Tsukuba, Japan.
The species is quite large and was uniformly green colored in life (faded to yellowish brown after death).
The Ogasawara Grasshopper was never recorded alive and was never found since its description, thus it is believed that the species is most likely extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Gen Ito: Ogasawaracris gloriosus, a new genus and species of possibly extinct grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from the Ogasawara Islands. Entomological Science 6: 85-88.2003
Toyoshima’s Thistle was probably endemic to the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, and appears to be known exclusively from herbarium sheets.
The plant had a basic rosette of larger oak leaf-like shaped leaves, the flowers were about 2 to 2,5 cm in diameter and appear to have been yellowish.
The species was never seen since 1936 and is almost certainly extinct. [1]
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References:
[1] Tetsuto Abe; Katsuyuki Wada; Nobukazu Nakagoshi: Extinction threats of a narrowly endemic shrub, Stachyurus macrocarpus (Stachyuraceae) in the Ogasawara Islands. Plant Ecology 198: 169-183. 2008
This species was described in 1940; it is known only from a small area on the island of Hahajima, where it was found growing on a dead trunk in the forest.
The species wasn’t found during recent fieldworks and is considered likely extinct.
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References:
[1] Takahito Kobayashi: Type studies of the new species of Pluteus described by Seiya Ito and Sanshi Imai from Japan. Mycoscience 43: 411-415. 2002
This species was described in 1902, it was restricted to the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Island group of Japan.
The shells are quite large for the genus, they reach heights of about 0,33 cm and are up to about 0,67 cm in diameter, they are depressed, lens-shaped, brown, dull and densely striate above, paler and somewhat glossy beneath.
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References:
[1] Henry A. Pilsbry: New land mollusks of the Japanese Empire. The Nautilus 16(4): 45-47. 1902
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Photo from: ‘Y. Hirase: The Conchological Magazine 1(1). 1907’
This species was described in 1989 based on fossil and subfossil material that had been collected from the fissure deposits of Minamijima Island, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. [1]
The Giant Mandarina Snail was indeed a giant, its shells reached sizes of up to nearly 7 to 8 cm in diameter, making it the largest land snail species of the Ogasawara Islands and also of Japan. [2]
***
The species first appeared about 13000 BCE and finally disappeares from the deposits at around 8000 BCE in the early Holocene, it disappeared due to natural environmental changes. [1]
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References:
[1] Satoshi Chiba: Taxonomy and morphologic diversity of Mandarina (Pulmonata) in the Bonin Islands. Transactions and Proceedings – Palaeontological Society of Japan 155: 218-251. 1989 [2] Satoshi Chiba: Taxonomic revision of the fossil land snail species of the genus Mandarina in the Ogasawara Islands. Paleontological Research 11(4): 317-329. 2007
The Bonin Wood Pigeon is known only from four specimens, which had been collected on two of the Ogasawara Islands, namely Chichijima and Nakodojima, however, it may formerly of course have occurred on other islands of the archipelago as well.
Friedrich Heinrich von Kittlitz, the discoverer of this spescies, writes in his work ‘Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel’ about this bird:
“I saw it [Columba janthina] often on the island group of Boninsima, here it lives with Fig.2. (C. versicolor mihi) ,which, as a species, is visibly different albeit very similar to it, but thereby occurring much more scarcer. In al sexual- and age disparities the difference of both in colour and size is noticeable, in food and lifestyle they are incidentally closely related. They survive singly or pairwise, and readily feed, amongst other things, fruits of the local fan palm.”
The Bonin Wood Pigeon, whose Japanes name is Ogasawara-Karasubato, reached a body length of 45 cm.
The species disappeared sometimes after 1889, an exact extinction date is not known.
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References:
[1] Friedrich Heinrich von Kittlitz: Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel. Frankfurt am Main: Johann David Sauerländer 1832-1833 [2] Dieter Luther: Die ausgestorbenen Vögel der Welt. Westarp Wissenschaften 1986 [3] Errol Fuller: Extinct Birds. Penguin Books (England) 1987 [4] David Gibbs, Eustace Barnes, John Cox: Pigeons and Doves, A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Pica Press, Sussex 2001
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Depiction from: ‘Friedrich Heinrich von Kittlitz: Kupfertafeln zur Naturgeschichte der Vögel. Frankfurt am Main: Johann David Sauerländer 1832-1833’
This species was described in 1850, it is known from subfossil specimens that were recovered from Holocene deposits at the Kominato Beach on southern Chichijima Island, Ogasawara Islands, Japan.
The shells are quite large, some are white and bear two to four brown bands, some are unicolored brown without bands. [1]
***
The species was for some time thought to be identical with the Minamizaki Mandarina Snail. [1]
***
The Pallas Mandarina died out because of natural climatic changes that lead to a rise of the temperatures making the habitat becoming dryer.
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References:
[1] Satoshi Chiba: Taxonomic revision of the fossil land snail species of the genus Mandarina in the Ogasawara Islands. Paleontological Research 11(4): 317-329. 2007
The Ogasawara Whorl Snail inhabited the islands of Chichijima and probably Ototojima in the Ogasawara Island group, Japan.
The reasons for the extinction of this snail species are the same as for the closely related Chichijima Whorl Snail (Gastrocopta chichijimana Pilsbry).
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References:
[1] Takashi Ohbayashi; Isamu Okochi; Hiroki Sato; Tsuyoshi Ono: Food habit of Platydemus manokwari De Beauchamp, 1962 (Tricladida: Terricola: Rhynchodemidae), known as a predatory flatworm of land snails in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan. Entomology and Zoology 40: 609-614. 2005
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Depiction from: ‘George W. Tryon; Henry A. Pilsbry a.o.: Manual of Conchology. Second series: Pulmonata, Vol. 24, Pupillidae (Gastrocoptinae), 1916-1918’
